As early as in the development of agriculture,men discovered how to make alcoholic drinks from grapes and corn.

Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to a better life.

In the past, operations were difficult. Until the middle of the eighteen fifties, surgery was very dangerous. Many patients died after even the smallest operations. This was because bacteria entered the cuts in the patients bodied’and started infection. In some countries, up to 90 percent of patients died from inf ection after operations. In 1865, however, Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, found an answer to the problem. He used an “antiseptic during” and after operations. This killed the dangerous bacteria and most of his patients lived. Since then, surgeons have used antiseptics in all operations.Surgery has developed in many important ways since the day of Joseph Lister. Today, when patients go to hospital for an operation, they can expect thebest treatment, in clean and hygienic conditions. 33. Operations were difficult and dangerous until_______. A.1850 B. the middle of 1850 C. the middle of the fifties of the eighteenth century D. the middle of the fifties of the nineteenth century 34. In the passage, surgery means__________. A. The performing of an operation B. cure C. treatment D. medicine 35. In the past, up to 90 percent of patients died after operations mainly b ecause__________. A. bacteria entered the cuts in the patients bodies’and infection took place B. the conditions in hospitals were bad C. the skill of surgeons was not so good D. there were no good medicine at that time 36. Which topic of the following best suits the passage? A. Operations were difficult in the past B. The devotion of Joseph Lister to medical science C. Surgery has become safer D. Developments in surgery 37. Joseph Lister was________. A. a Frenchman B. a German C. an Englishman D. an Americ

A new plane is going to ______ by us.

Xiao Ling works very hard. She ______ by the teachers.

Middle School students______ not to smoke.

Directions: In this part, there are four items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one sentence. These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in Part III of the Test Paper. You are allowed minutes to do the translation. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meaning in the context. Write your translation on the Translation Sheet in Test Paper Two. T1.(Line2-3, Paragraph1, Passage1) This was because bacteria entered the cuts in the patients bodied’and started infection. T2.(Line2, Paragraph2, Passage2) Many were rejected by U.S. medical schools simply because there was no room. T3:.(Line3-4, Paragraph1, Passage3): Accused of neglecting this part of our education, my father instituted a summer school for my brother and me . T4:.(Line4-5, Paragraph1, Passage4) Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.

The teacher, rather than the students, is responsible for this matter.

The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has , atthe same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer the colon . Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food related to llness is not a new discovery. In 1945 , government researchers realized that itrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food dditives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, nd it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the pack ging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to controlthese procedures, the practices continue. 48. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Food and our health B Food and additives C. Food and cancer D Food and culture 49 All of the following statements are true EXCEPT_______. A Forty percent of cancer is caused by problems related to food. B Researchers have known about the potential danger of food additivesfor many years C. We eat some of the food additives directly and some indirectly D Drugs are always given to animals for medicinal purposes 50. Why do farmers give drugs to their animals? A. to speed up the growth of animals B To make theanimals fatter C to make the animals ’ meat fit to eat D To make the animals’ meat rich in nutrients 51. It can be inferred from the passage that_________. A scientist have made all the food fit to eat B only in recent years have people found that the food is related to one’s illness C all kinds of cancer are related to the diet D some additives are harmful to our health 52. The word “ this ”in the second sentence of paragraph 2 most probablyrefers to __________. A farmer B penicillin C beef and poultry D the fact that farmers often give penicillin to a beef

Hamlet ______ by Shakespeare.